I found dozens of these wee (~8-9 mm) skinny millipedes curled up in the soil where the garlic was about to be planted. They are Blaniulus guttulatus, an introduced species from western Europe. They can be a pest if there is already damage from fungus or mechanical damage so that the millipede can get inside the crop. Touch one of the garlic cloves and there will be war!
The red spots are defensive glands that contain palmityl acetate (Weatherston et. al. 1971) , which was the first time that an acetate was found as a defense mechanism in a millipede. B. guttulatus is prone to desiccation and is more commonly found in heavier soils that stay moist. Which is what we try to do with the garlic. In this photograph you can see some of the typical millipede design; the thoracic segments, of which there are three. The first has no legs ("head" to me), then the 2nd and 3rd have a single pair of legs and then moving on, you get to the abdomen with two pairs of legs. All those legs are useful for pushing the long body through the soil or leaf litter. Away from the garlic.
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The Order (Scolopendromorpha) that this centipede, Scolopocryptops spinicaudus belongs to contains the largest known centipedes; there is one species within it from Venezuela that grows to 28cm! This was not that large...a mere 6-ish centimeters. The English name refers to the Order, not Leaning Oaks unfortunately. They have formidable forcipules located under their head (left had side of the photo) that they use to capture their prey (smaller arthropods) and inject venom. I couldn't find out if this species can do damage to you or I. Although all centipedes to have a toxic venom, most are unable to penetrate our tough skin. And the toxicity may generally enough to cause swelling and some pain. These guys are built for speed, and if you look at the plates, you see that they alternate between larger and smaller. This helps to reduce the undulations that come naturally from a slender object running forward at great speeds. And because everyone want to know,"What is the difference between a centipede and a millipede?" I have always looked at the number of legs per segment and if it is one, then it is a centipede. There are other characteristics and this chart sums them up. |
AuthorsTwo biologists on a beautiful property armed with cameras, smart phones and a marginal knowledge of websites took up the challenge of documenting one species a day on that property. Join along! Posts and photographs by Leah Ramsay and David Fraser (unless otherwise stated); started January 1, 2014. Categories
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